In this manuscript we present a focus stacking system, composed of commercial photographic equipment. The method has been developed drawing figures of terrestrial isopods and some examples are here given.
AUTODESK SKETCHBOOK ALTERNATIVE SOFTWARE
This method is noteworthy: it is very accurate, producing detailed lines at the highest resolution the raster lines appear as realistic ink-made drawings it is faster than the traditional way of making illustrations everyone can use this simple technique this method is completely free as it does not use expensive and licensed software and it can be used with different operating systems.
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The present work gives step-by-step instructions on how to make accurate line drawings with a new procedure that uses bitmap graphics with the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP). Digital drawing techniques that use vector graphics, have already been described in literature to support scientists in drawing figures and plates for scientific illustrations these techniques use many different software and hardware devices. These may be produced by scanning conventional drawings, made with high precision technical ink-pens, which normally use capillary cartridge and various line widths. Nowadays only digital figures are accepted by the most important journals of taxonomy. Although the spiders were lacking a structure imitating the head of the ants, they shared several characters (dark brown integument with distinct, coarse wrinkles and shiny reflections, abdomen anteriorly with dorsally pointing process and distinct median constriction) that increased the species-specific similarity to their potential ant models. were observed foraging in association with workers of the ant Ectatomma permagnum Forel, 1908 on the ground or leaf litter along forest edges. The new species superficially resembles Mazax ramirezi Rubio & Danişman, 2014, but can be distinguished from this species and all other congeners by a combination of the following characters: feathery setae on the carapace, a tibia I spine formula of 5-4 in males and 5-5 in females, the embolus sub-apical with a spatulate extension, the lung-shaped spermathecae II and slightly undulating copulatory ducts. nov., representing the second species of Mazax recorded from South America, is described from the Bolivian orocline and the Paraguayan Chaco region. is restored as the type species of the genus Cobanus.Ī new ant-like spider species of the subfamily Castianeirinae, Mazax akephaloi sp. Finally, based on the original proposal of the genus, C. Additionally, two new species of Cobanus from Colombia, Cobanus chocquibtown sp. reinst., Cobanus mandibularis (Peckham and Peckham, 1896) stat.
reinst., Cobanus cambridgei (Chickering 1946) stat. Based on morphological synapomorphies, we transferred five species to Cobanus and established the following new combinations: Cobanus bifurcata (Chickering 1946) stat. Cobanus is strongly supported in all analyses. We use an integrative approached of total evidence (DNA + morphology) to produce phylogenetic hypotheses using maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and Bayesian methods (BI). Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, and transferred some species misplaced in Sidusa peckham & peckham, 1895 to Cobanus. Here, we focus on clarify the limits of the genus Cobanus F. Recent work on Neotropical jumping spiders continues to reveal the morphological complexity, phylogenetic relationships, and high taxonomic richness of groups that have not been reviewed in years.
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